Interesting Things to Know
The village that time forgot
In 1732, John Branson obtained a 1,000-acre grant from George Bowman along Cedar Creek. He sold a parcel of land sometime later to John Kountz. In August of 1745, Lewis Stephens, a local land speculator, and developer, purchased a 195-acre property from Kountz on Cedar Creek. The tract lay on both sides of Middle Road (State Route 628), about seven miles to the southwest of what is now Stephens City and 5 miles northwest of Middletown.
18th century hexagonal ice house of unusual design, also known as Stephens Fort. Photos courtesy of Nancy Gunderman
Around 1755, Stephens built a house and a water-powered grist mill on the property at the confluence of Cedar Creek and Fawcett Run. His mill successfully ground wheat, rye, oats, and barley into flour and meal.
Sometime in 1752, before the French and Indian War (1754–1763), Stephens constructed a unique hexagonal-shaped stone powder magazine adjacent to his house and mill. Local lore maintains that the building, which still stands today, was “Stephens Fort.” This structure is mentioned in accounts of frontier happenings, many of which included Stephens’s offering protection and shelter for neighbors during several Native American raids. The building has limestone walls that are eight feet high, one foot thick and measure fourteen feet across the center. From the ground level, the cellar floor lays nineteen feet below and has a circular limestone foundation. Troops from Washington’s Regiment were garrisoned in a stockade here in the fall of 1757. The building was later used as an office or counting-house, a lodging room, a storeroom, and an ice house.
After the war, Stephens contracted for one furnace and forge, named New Work Furnace and Forge, to manufacture pig and bar iron on his tract at Cedar Creek. These crude production units produced basic commodities like frying pans, nails, hinges, musket barrels and agricultural implements during the early 1760s.
The foundation of a covered bridge that burned in 1930 is evident on both sides of Cedar Creek.
Stephens continued to live on this tract and work on the iron furnace, however, he gradually found his debts too excessive and had to form partnerships to share his costs. In 1767, Stephens sold his 195-acre tract and ironworks share to ironmaster Isaac Zane. Zane subsequently bought out his associates in 1768 and began to make significant improvements to his Marlboro Furnace and Iron Works. He retained the old forge and furnace established by Stephens but immediately began building a modern and sophisticated complex. This forge and furnace would become Zane’s most significant achievement.
The Shenandoah Valley had an abundance of the three ingredients needed to make iron: rich beds of brown hematite ore, abundant tracts of woodland and huge deposits of limestone. Limestone, iron ore and charcoal were layered into the furnace. There was a wood fire at the bottom to get things going, then a layer of charcoal, a layer of iron ore and a thin layer of crushed limestone. The limestone acted as a flux. A colonial furnace produced heat of iron once a week.
Zane built a two-story stone mansion, bathhouse, stone ice and spring houses, orchards, barns, and stables. Nearby were the forge, furnace, a two-hundred-gallon whiskey still, stone mill, sawmill, blacksmith and stone smith’s shops, company store and counting-house. In addition to the mining and industrial activities, Marlboro was also a prosperous network of farms producing wheat, barley, oats, clover, and timothy.
Just east of Middle Road, an unplanted field bounded by Cedar Creek is the site where Marlboro Furnace Towers once stood.
By all accounts, Zane’s furnace and the forge were the largest operations of its kind in the Valley. As he expanded his holdings, a small village named Marlboro (due to extensive deposits of marl that are found there) developed within close proximity of the ironworks. Marlboro became a bustling community with a steady stream of settlers (furnace men, colliers, blacksmiths, wood wrights, timbermen, and other skilled workers) searching for a better life. Near the location of the Cedar Creek Church was the Marlboro waterfall, a 25-foot cascade which tumbled down from Marlboro Spring into Cedar Creek and provided an enormous and continuous water flow. In colonial times, this water was piped east from the top of the fall by gravity to the village below. This natural water source contributed to the growth, health, and well-being of the Marlboro area. Marlboro had private homes, two churches, a mill, a country store, a post office, and two blacksmith shops. Marlboro was a mini-village and as a colonial ironworks was the most developed industrial system of its time. Zane’s colonial iron plantation supplied the village with stored goods, iron wares and agricultural products.
By 1772, the ironworks produced hundreds of portable ten-plate heating stoves and plate castings for the large open fireplaces common in colonial times. The forge and blacksmith shop also produced cooking pots, salt pans, tea kettles, skillets, mortars and pestles, ovens, stove plates, and flat irons. The 10-foot-square furnace roared, the two-hammer forge pounded, the water wheels groaned and the cacophony carried across the entire industrial complex. The operation ran 24 hours a day with laborers working 12-hour shifts. An acre of hardwood was needed to feed the furnace for each 24-hour period. At night the brilliance of the furnace illuminated the sky for many miles. The products of this industry were hauled by wagon to Alexandria on the Potomac and Falmouth on the Rappahannock and sold through merchants in Philadelphia.
The Marlboro Iron Works transitioned from casting iron ingots for export to casting full-size cannon to support the fight for American independence on land and sea. During the Revolutionary War, Zane’s Marlboro Iron Works became a munitions factory and evolved into one of the largest suppliers of ordnance to the Continental Army and Navy producing four and six-pound cannon, boxes of shot, swivel balls and chain shot. Shipments also included everything from cooking utensils, camp kettles, and stoves to a caboose (a free-standing deck house where seamen cooked meals in a galley). The Marlboro Furnace was the life-blood of the village as the ironworks peaked at 200 employees.
The iron furnaces and other production facilities that had geared up to manufacture munitions in 1776 reverted back to civilian production after 1782. The production of iron commodities at Marlboro Furnace became greatly diminished due to the declining health and death of Isaac Zane in 1795. The downsizing had an immediate effect on the blacksmiths, wood wrights, wagon wrights and other skill-mixes employed there. History reflects that some of the families from the Marlboro community later became directly associated with the wagon-building industry in Stephensburg (now Stephens City).
In 1810, Marlboro Iron Works was still being operated by Zane’s executors. However, in 1812, the furnace was transferred to a group of well-known investors and iron makers. These owners managed more modern ironworks like Columbia Furnace near Edinburg and these facilities eventually led to Zane’s Furnace becoming obsolete and abandoned in 1828.
Mill operations situated on the partial foundation of earlier mills continued to ground feed at this location until the 1950s in spite of at least two fires that seriously damaged the facility, one in the late 1800s and the other in 1930. The fire on May 15, 1930, did heavy damage to the mill and burned the covered bridge that connected Frederick and Shenandoah Counties. Mill owner L.L. Link rebuilt the mill and offered the remaining stone from the ancient furnace to the State Department of Highways for rebuilding the bridge in 1932. The current concrete bridge on Middle Road is located slightly east of the former covered bridge. All that remains of the legendary smelting furnace stack are small piles of rubble that lay alongside this rugged and historic stream.
During the height of the American Revolution, the Marlboro Furnace and surrounding village became one of the most important industrial centers in the Valley, benefiting both Frederick and Shenandoah counties. But by the mid-twentieth century, the village had faded into a quiet stop on Middle Road and the centuries-old buildings only footnotes in our valley history. The once prominent village of forge, furnace, mills, and farm became lost to time, a remnant of our colonial past.
Mark P. Gunderman
Stephens City, Virginia
Interesting Things to Know
Family Vacation: You Can Have Fun on a Budget!
You don’t have to plan a trip overseas to have fun this summer. There are plenty of affordable activities you can do close to home. Here are a few brilliant ideas to help you plan a memorable summer vacation without breaking the bank:
Visit a Park: Explore parks offering various activities such as hiking, swimming, birdwatching, and picnicking. Many parks provide free entry or low-cost amenities, making them perfect for a day of outdoor fun.
Go Camping: Camp somewhere scenic or even in your own backyard. Camping is a fantastic way to disconnect from daily life and enjoy nature. Set up tents, tell stories, and enjoy the great outdoors without spending a fortune.
Cycle or Skate: Find designated paths for cycling or skating. These activities are fun and great exercise for the whole family. Pack some snacks and make a day of it!
Admire Sunsets or Stars: Seek out the best places to admire the sunset or the starry sky. These moments can be magical and are completely free. Bring a blanket and some snacks for a relaxing evening under the sky.
Check Out Street Art: Discover daring and engaging street art in your city. Take a walking tour to find murals and graffiti that tell the story of your community. It’s a fun way to appreciate local culture and creativity.
Drive-In Movies or Outdoor Theatre: Enjoy a classic drive-in movie or an outdoor theatre performance. These experiences are nostalgic and entertaining, often at a fraction of the cost of traditional cinemas.
Beach Fun: Spend a day at the beach playing volleyball, making sandcastles, or simply soaking up the sun. Beaches often have free entry, and the whole family can enjoy the natural playground.
Sweet Treats: Spoil yourself with a sweet treat from a local ice cream shop. It’s an affordable indulgence that adds a special touch to your day out.
Berry Picking: Pick your own berries at a local farm. It’s a fun activity that ends with delicious, fresh fruit you can use to cook delightful desserts.
Campfire Evenings: Gather around a campfire to enjoy hotdogs or roasted marshmallows. Whether in your backyard or at a campsite, this is a great way to bond and create lasting memories.
Community Events: Take part in community parties or local festivals. These events often feature free entertainment, food, and activities, providing a fun day without significant expenses.
Explore Downtown: Stroll downtown and stop at places you’ve never been before. Explore local shops, cafes, and landmarks to discover hidden gems in your own city.
Guided Tours (Re) Discover your city or a nearby town by taking a guided or audio tour. Learn about the history, architecture, and unique stories of the area, enhancing your appreciation for your surroundings.
Photo Challenges: Challenge yourself to capture themed photos of nature or architecture. This can be a fun and creative way to explore different areas and appreciate the beauty around you.
Additional Tip: Do Your Research!
Many establishments like museums and historic sites offer free or discounted entry during summer. Some activities are free for children or on certain days of the week. Be sure to check out local listings and event calendars to maximize your budget and fun!
Interesting Things to Know
6 Summer Activities to Do With Your Grandchildren
Spending time outdoors with your grandchildren is a great way to create memories while promoting an active, healthy lifestyle. Here are six outdoor activities you can try to make the most of your summer:
- Have a Beach Day: Pack beach toys, towels, and a picnic for a fun day in the sun. Build sandcastles, play Frisbee, and swim to your heart’s content! Don’t forget the sunscreen and hats to protect everyone from the sun’s rays. Beach days are perfect for relaxing and enjoying the beauty of the ocean while having fun with your grandchildren.
- Go Hiking: Take an age-appropriate hike with your grandchildren. Easy walking trails allow you to observe nature while encouraging an active lifestyle. Look for trails with interesting landmarks or wildlife to keep the kids engaged. Bring a small backpack with snacks, water, and a first aid kit for safety.
- Arrange a Treasure Hunt: Organize a treasure hunt in your yard or a nearby park. Prepare fun clues for the children, encouraging them to explore their surroundings while solving riddles. This activity can be educational and exciting, stimulating their problem-solving skills and sense of adventure.
- Host a Painting Workshop: Get canvases, brushes, and paints, and let your creativity flow outdoors. Set up a painting area in the backyard or a park and allow the grandchildren to express themselves through art. This activity is fun and helps develop their artistic skills and creativity. You can even frame their artwork as a keepsake of your special time together.
- Go on a Bike Ride: Choose a path suitable for your grandchildren’s age, and wear helmets. Cycling is a great way to get exercise while taking in the sights. Look for bike trails in local parks or along scenic routes. Remember to carry water bottles and take breaks to keep everyone energized and hydrated.
- Do Yoga: Choose a peaceful spot, bring some yoga mats, and enjoy an energizing session in the great outdoors. Yoga can help improve your flexibility and concentration while reducing stress. Children can do many simple yoga poses, making it a fun and relaxing activity for all ages. Consider following a kid-friendly yoga video or routine to keep it engaging.
Doing these activities will give you a unique chance to bond with your grandchildren while encouraging their physical, emotional, and social development. This summer, taste the great outdoors and make some unforgettable memories as you explore nature together!
Interesting Things to Know
Green Camping? Yes, You Can!
Camping is a great way to get in touch with nature. However, if you want to enjoy it for years to come, you must preserve it. Here are a few simple tips to make your camping experience more eco-responsible:
Plan Zero-Waste Meals
Use reusable cookware and cook with fresh food. If necessary, unpack produce at home and transfer it to reusable containers. An energy-efficient stove will also help you minimize your environmental impact. Planning ahead can reduce packaging waste and allow you to enjoy delicious, fresh meals.
Use Energy Wisely
Walk or cycle as much as possible to reduce your carbon footprint. Opt for rechargeable batteries, LED bulbs, or solar-powered devices such as lanterns and portable chargers. These small changes can significantly decrease your reliance on disposable batteries and fossil fuels.
Respect Nature
Camp only in designated areas and stick to marked paths to avoid crushing plants and disturbing wildlife habitats. Don’t disturb or feed animals, cut branches, or collect plants or shells. By respecting nature, you help maintain the ecosystem’s balance and beauty for future generations.
Avoid Chemical Products
Prevent water and soil contamination by using environmentally friendly and biodegradable products such as shampoo, sunscreen, dishwashing soap, toothpaste, and insect repellent. These products break down more easily and have less impact on the environment.
Sort Your Garbage
Get into the habit of sorting your trash and bringing it home if you can’t dispose of it on-site. Additionally, don’t throw organic matter into the woods, as it degrades slowly and can attract animals. Proper waste management ensures that natural sites remain clean and safe for everyone.
Choose Durable Camping Gear
When it’s time to replace your camping equipment, choose high-quality materials that will last a long time and limit the amount of waste you produce. Investing in durable gear reduces the frequency of replacements and the waste associated with discarded items.
By following these tips, you can enjoy a green camping experience and help protect the natural environment. Happy eco-friendly camping!
Interesting Things to Know
Running in Summer: Take These Precautions When It’s (Too!) Hot
Exercising outdoors during summer is great. However, you risk dehydration, sunstroke, and more during a heatwave. Follow these tips for a safe run.
Adapt Your Running Habits
It can be hard on your body to run during a heatwave. Remember that your performance can be affected, so lower your expectations and stay within your limits. Instead, try shorter intervals with moderate intensity. Also, run early in the morning or evening when the sun isn’t at its peak. This will help you avoid the hottest part of the day and reduce the risk of heat-related issues.
Hydrate Regularly
Ensure you drink plenty of water before, during, and after your run. If you run for over an hour, drink a sports drink to replace lost electrolytes and salts. Proper hydration is crucial to prevent dehydration and maintain performance.
Dress Appropriately
Lightweight, breathable workout clothing is designed to wick away moisture and prevent chafing. Complete your outfit with sunglasses and a baseball hat or visor. Don’t forget the sunscreen! Protecting your skin from harmful UV rays is essential.
Look for Shade
Avoid running on blacktop and cement, as these surfaces can become extremely hot and radiate heat. Instead, run in green spaces like tree-lined sidewalks, parks, and riverbanks. In sweltering weather, you could also opt for a trail run, where the trees shade you from the sun.
Listen to Your Body
Finally, listen to your body. Nausea, headaches, and dizziness are all signs that it’s time to stop. If there’s an extreme heat warning, heed the recommendations of the authorities and exercise caution. After all, your health is at stake! Pushing yourself too hard in extreme conditions can lead to serious health issues.
Interesting Things to Know
U-Pick: Do You Know How to Choose the Best Fruit to Fill Your Basket?
Are you looking for a family activity that combines local shopping and fresh air? Try berry picking! Besides getting some outdoor exercise, you can also stock up on delicious fresh berries at an affordable price. It’s a win-win! Check out these handy tips to pick the tastiest berries this summer:
Blueberries: Only pick blueberries that are firm, dark blue, and mold-free. These are the sweetest and juiciest berries, perfect for snacking or baking.
Haskaps: Look for haskaps that are purplish-blue, clean, and firm. If they look sunburnt, don’t put them in your basket. These berries have a unique tangy flavor for jams and desserts.
Cherries: Pick the plumpest, shiniest fruit you see. Avoid those with signs of mold. Fresh cherries are juicy and sweet, ideal for eating fresh or making pies.
Strawberries: Select firm strawberries with a bright, even red color, regardless of size. Make sure they have all their leaves and haven’t started to shrivel. The best strawberries are sweet and fragrant.
Raspberries: Make sure you pick only ripe, fragrant berries. Avoid those that don’t easily come off of the bush. If you have to tug on them, they’re not ready. Ripe raspberries are tender and full of flavor.
Blackberries: Look for full, fleshy, deep black, and shiny berries. If they’re ripe, they should feel soft to the touch. These berries are perfect for cobblers and smoothies.
Now, you must keep your eyes peeled on your next outing to delight your taste buds. Enjoy the fruits of your labor!
Interesting Things to Know
Do You Have Pickleball Fever?
Have you heard of pickleball? It’s a sport gaining popularity among people of all ages, especially older adults. Here’s why pickleball is so popular.
A Growing Craze
Pickleball has caught the attention of people aged 50 and over, looking to get active and move their bodies in an entertaining and accessible way. The rules are simple, and the movements are low impact, making this sport an attractive option for anyone who wants to stay healthy and socialize. Leagues and associations have started springing up like mushrooms!
Physical and Social Benefits
This sport has various physical benefits for older adults. The movements require coordination, flexibility, and endurance, contributing to better overall health. Regular play can improve cardiovascular fitness, enhance balance, and boost muscle strength. The friendly nature of the game encourages strong social bonds, reinforcing the feeling of belonging to an active community. It’s not uncommon for players to form lasting friendships and enjoy a strong sense of camaraderie.
Good to Know
Pickleball isn’t just for people living in big cities. The sport is just as popular with older people in urban areas as in rural communities. Its accessibility makes it a great choice for anyone, no matter where they live. Community centers, parks, and recreation facilities often have pickleball courts available, making joining in on the fun easy.
What is Pickleball?
Pickleball is a mixture of tennis, ping pong, and badminton. It’s played with a paddle and a plastic ball with holes. The court is about the size of a badminton court, and the net is slightly lower than a tennis net. Players can enjoy singles or doubles matches, and the game is designed to be easy to learn, which adds to its appeal.
The equipment is simple and affordable. A paddle and a few balls are all you need to get started. Many communities offer beginner classes or clinics to help new players learn the basics. Once you get the hang of it, pickleball can be a fun and competitive way to stay active.
Why Should You Try Pickleball?
Are you looking for a new way to keep fit and meet new people? Pickleball offers physical and social benefits, making it an excellent choice for staying active and engaged. The game’s low-impact nature means it’s easy on the joints, reducing the risk of injury while providing a good workout. Plus, the game’s social aspect can help combat loneliness and encourage a more active lifestyle.
Finding pickleball courts in your area is often as simple as checking with local community centers, parks, or recreation facilities. Many places have dedicated pickleball times or courts for this sport. Some communities even have pickleball clubs or leagues where you can meet other players and participate in organized matches or tournaments.
Pickleball is a sport that’s growing in popularity for good reasons. It’s easy to learn, fun to play and offers numerous health and social benefits. Pickleball is a great option whether you’re looking to improve your fitness, make new friends, or try something new. So, why not grab a paddle and see if pickleball fever catches you, too?
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