The facts on gingivitis

Gingivitis is one of the most common oral diseases. Here’s what you need to know to prevent, detect and treat it.

WHAT IS GINGIVITIS?
Gingivitis is a common and mild form of periodontal disease that exhibits the following symptoms:

• Redness, swelling and irritation in the gums
• Tender gums
• Receding gums
• Bleeding gums when brushing or flushing
• Bad breath

WHAT CAUSES IT?
Poor oral hygiene leading to plaque formation is the main cause of gingivitis. Plaque is a transparent, sticky film that forms on the teeth and is composed of bacteria. It’s the product of starches and sugars interacting with the bacteria naturally found in the mouth. If plaque remains on teeth, it hardens and turns to tartar. Both plaque and tartar irritate the gums, leading to gingivitis.

HOW IS IT PREVENTED?
Prevention involves good oral hygiene. Brush twice a day, floss daily and get your teeth professionally cleaned every six to 12 months. Healthy eating plays an important role too.

HOW IS IT TREATED?
As soon as tartar begins to form on the teeth, professional dental cleaning is required, as tartar can’t be removed with brushing alone. To prevent its reappearance, one needs to change oral cleaning, and perhaps dietary, habits. More advanced cases might require antibiotic medications or even surgery.

WHAT ARE THE COMPLICATIONS?
If left untreated, gingivitis can cause serious complications such as swollen lymph nodes and tooth loss. Prevent this disease: practice good oral hygiene and have your teeth professionally cleaned on a regular basis.