How to communicate with someone who has dementia

Conversations tend to be challenging for people with dementia, especially as the condition progresses. This doesn’t mean, however, that discussions aren’t energizing and enjoyable for them. In fact, people with dementia derive joy, comfort and stimulation from conversations with friends and family members. If someone close to you has dementia, here are some tips for effectively communicating with them.

• Get their attention. Address the person by their first name and maintain eye contact.

• State your message clearly. Speak slowly, use simple words and short sentences and be direct. If initially the person doesn’t understand what you say, repeat the message using the same wording. If he or she is still unable to understand, wait a couple minutes then try again, simplifying your phrasing if possible.

• Show warmth and positivity. Encourage the person, show your affection for them and take care not to reveal frustration or impatience.

• Rely on nonverbal cues. Use facial expressions and touch (when appropriate) to convey your emotions and your message. When speaking, pay extra attention to your tone of voice. Such considerations are especially important when the person is having difficulty or is unable to comprehend what you say. The affection and respect you show will be understood regardless.

• Use names, not pronouns. Avoid pronouns like “he,” “she” and “they,” and instead repeat the names of the people you’re talking about. Doing this helps those with dementia better follow the thread of the conversation.

Finally, know that you’re affection is reciprocated. Although people with dementia sometimes forget names and even faces, they recognize when they’re speaking with someone who cares about them.