Understanding ADHD: symptoms and treatment

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) affects between six and seven percent of people aged 18 and under. Despite its prevalence, it remains poorly understood. Here’s what you should know.

Symptoms
ADHD is a disorder characterized by a vast array of symptoms. Their type and intensity vary between patients, and distinguishing strong personality traits from symptoms can be difficult. In addition, the attention deficit and hyperactivity-impulsivity aspects of ADHD are separate.

Inattention symptoms include:

• Difficulty paying attention to details
• Difficulty focusing on and structuring tasks
• Tendency to forget things, especially those necessary for completing tasks (e.g. pencils and notebooks)
• Short attention span
• Easily distracted

Hyperactivity and impulsivity symptoms include:

• Inability to sit still and frequent squirming or fidgeting
• Getting up at inappropriate moments
• Talking more than others
• Interrupting conversations or intruding
• Difficulty waiting for their turn

For ADHD to be a concern, a child has to exhibit extreme or disruptive versions of the traits above. In addition, boys are much more likely to show hyperactivity symptoms than girls. Remember that while difficulties with social integration and school performance are common indicators, they’re not enough to establish a diagnosis.

Treatment
A combination of medication and therapy is the most common treatment for ADHD. Given the high variability in types, there’s no universal treatment plan.

Since ADHD persists into adulthood in 30 to 50 percent of cases, promoting long-term management strategies is crucial.

Left untreated, ADHD is associated with poor academic performance, professional difficulties and higher risks for drug use and criminal behavior.

The incidence of anxiety disorders and depression is also higher in people with ADHD.

ADHD can have devastating consequences, and early treatment and management is key to helping those affected lead fulfilling lives. If you’re concerned about your child, be sure to speak to a healthcare professional.