Interesting Things to Know
History in Perspective: ‘Don’t call it a Comeback’ – The culmination of a Civil War chess match: Bloody Antietam
From June 25th to mid-September, one hundred and sixty years ago, the United States witnessed one of the most dramatic comebacks in our history – eventually culminating in the bloodiest single day in U.S. history on the 17th of September. We are currently commemorating the 160th anniversary of these events during the months of June through September.
The year was 1862, and the U.S. was fighting an insurgency against a confederation of states that had broken away from the union. These were interesting times to be sure, and especially exciting for those within a hundred miles of Washington, D.C. The fight in Virginia was raging, and everyone was anxious for the latest news. President Lincoln and his cabinet ran the show from the White House against Jeff Davis and his Confederate cabinet – just 90 miles down the road in Richmond. Many in the north felt their team would prevail as the United States was sporting a two-to-one numerical advantage on the battlefield and threatening the Confederate capital. The Confederate government was equally concerned and had a train on standby in case things went sideways.
With little time left on the clock for the Confederacy, Stonewall Jackson started a chain of events in the Shenandoah Valley with a string of victories forcing the Lincoln Administration to pull troops from the siege of Richmond to protect Washington. Robert E. Lee assumed the reigns of the defending Confederate Army in Richmond and immediately began attacking the Union Army on the peninsula between the James and York Rivers. The Confederates attacked, forcing seven battles in seven days. The number of casualties during these 7 days surpassed the total number of casualties in the war to date. General McClellan’s Union Army fell back to the safety of gunboat protection and began a time consuming maritime evacuation northward along the Potomac to regroup in the capital region. Bells chimed in the Southern capital. A feeling of euphoria swept through the Confederacy, but General Lee knew it would be just a matter of time before the U.S. forces were back at the gates of Richmond.
The Confederates moved swiftly to put pressure on the remaining Federal army defending Washington while the preponderance of the Union Army was transitioning back to Washington by boat. Outnumbered and outgunned, the Confederates left a small detachment on the peninsula to deceive the U.S. forces and capitalized on their success with one of the most impressive turnabouts in the history of warfare.
General Lee divided his forces and sent Stonewall Jackson’s Corp on an end-around maneuver to get behind the Federal army and smash their logistics hub at Manassas Junction. The tactics of stealth and surprise resulted in the sacking of Union supplies behind their lines. Afterward, Jackson vanished from radar and hid his force along an abandoned railroad cut north of Manassas. The Federal army could not locate him. Meanwhile, Lee followed with General Longstreet’s Corps through Thoroughfare Gap a few days later. Lincoln’s telegraphs alerted the Union Commander, General Pope, that Jackson was lurking in the vicinity, so the Federal army consolidated and moved eastward to defend the capital. Upon learning that Southern reinforcements were within striking distance, Jackson allowed himself to be found, and General Pope stopped to give battle. The Second Battle of Manassas ensued. Jackson and Pope went at it all day and just as General Pope was about to deliver the coup de gras, Confederate General Longstreet’s Corp arrived and exploded into the Federal left flank -sending the U.S. army fleeing into Washington D.C.
Unbelievable! Within the span of a month, the Confederates turned the tables from defending their capital to threatening the Federal capital in Washington, DC. Now, Lee held the initiative. As the architect of these recent victories, Lee sought to exploit the opportunity that the latest string of Confederate victories along the Peninsula and Second Manassas offered. This set the conditions for the bloodiest single-day battle in American history – the battle of Antietam.
Lee understood from the beginning that the South could not win the war but knew the Confederacy’s best hope for independence rested upon the morale of the Northern people. Northern newspapers depicted strong resentment towards the war from the Democratic Party. The Northern people might vote to let the South go if the war proved too costly. With the recent turn around, Southern independence became a real possibility. Confederate military successes were the means to erode morale and create this political climate. The Northern troops were demoralized from recent losses. The fall elections in the North were approaching. England and France stood on the sidelines watching closely, carefully weighing whether they should recognize the Confederacy.
Never before had the stakes been so high.
The Union army was reeling from recent setbacks, but the Confederate Army was thoroughly exhausted from non-stop fighting and prolonged forced marches. Strategically speaking, the South’s next move may have been doomed from the start. Lee wrote the Confederate President, “The army is not properly equipped for an invasion of enemy territory,” He nevertheless understood that this was his only move. He could not fall back to Richmond and regroup as both armies had ravaged all food subsidies in the Virginia countryside. He also knew that the North would not fall for the same tricks twice. Subsequently, he redirected his supply lines from Richmond to the Shenandoah Valley through Front Royal and Winchester to conceal them from enemy eyes. Simultaneously, the Confederate army moved from the shadow of Washington into western Maryland (pictured here).
The response was immediate. The telegraph lines hummed from West Virginia, Maryland, and Pennsylvania screaming for President Lincoln to do something. The Confederate invasion of Northern soil allowed the Confederates to simultaneously threaten Baltimore, Washington, and Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Lincoln had no choice but to dispatch all available forces to go after the Confederates, whether the Union forces were ready or not. Only a month earlier, the Northern press was reveling in the throes of imminent victory – now terror and anxiety ruled the day.
As the Confederate columns made their way across western Maryland, the Army of the Potomac advanced slowly out of Washington with some 85,000 men of all arms, although nearly 20,000 were raw recruits. No one could have envisioned the horror that awaited in Antietam.
After sparring about at South Mountain and Harpers Ferry, the two great armies converged on the banks of Antietam Creek at Sharpsburg, Maryland. Straggling had reduced Lee’s strength to about 35,000, and McClellan had about 70,000 on hand.
The Battle of Antietam commenced at first light on September 17, 1862. The battle developed into three distinct phases. All shared one common characteristic – it was the bloodiest and most shocking battle the combatants had ever seen. Iconic names like ‘The Cornfield’, ‘Bloody Lane’, and ‘Burnsides Bridge’ have passed into Civil War folklore from this fight. The epic battle ended in high drama when Lee’s right flank began to crumble under an attack by the Union Ninth Corps. Disaster looked eminent for Lee when suddenly Southern forces miraculously arrived from Harpers Ferry at the critical moment and drove the Federals back. Thus ended the epic battle. By sunset, 2,108 Union soldiers were dead, 9,549 wounded, and 753 were missing. Confederate figures gave their losses at 10,291 but provided no reliable statistics regarding the number of wounded and missing. All told, some 23,000 men were casualties; most of them killed or wounded in a single day. The battlefield, wrote one Union officer, was “indescribably horrible.” No other day of the war would surpass Antietam in carnage.
As previously alluded, we are currently commemorating the 160th anniversary of ‘the comeback’ campaign starting on June 25 along the peninsula, through Second Manassas in late August to the horrific conclusion at the battle of Antietam on 17 September.
(Editor’s Note: LanceLot Lynk is a pen-name used by regular contributor John Morgan. Of above graphics, he informed us the final one is a print of a painting attributed to Mark Maritato entitled, “The Heart of Texas – Antietam” depicting the battle in the cornfield.)
Interesting Things to Know
The Power of Creativity and Innovation in Shaping Our World
Creativity and innovation are the lifeblood of human progress. In a world that’s rapidly evolving, the ability to innovate—to conceive new ideas, products, and solutions—is more valuable than ever. April 21 marks World Creativity and Innovation Day, a global celebration recognized by the United Nations to highlight the importance of these skills in driving human development and solving some of the world’s most critical issues.
Why Creativity and Innovation Matter
Creativity is not just the realm of artists and musicians. It encompasses problem-solving, the design of new technologies, and the development of strategies to address global challenges. It’s about looking at problems from fresh angles and finding solutions that break the mold. Investing in creativity and innovation isn’t merely an investment in individual talents; it’s an investment in our collective future.
Economic Growth and Opportunity
One of the most tangible benefits of fostering creativity and innovation is economic development. By encouraging the creation of new businesses and industries, we open up a plethora of job opportunities. Innovation drives competitiveness, improves products and services, and significantly enhances productivity. For countries and regions, this can translate into increased economic stability and growth, making the investment in creativity and innovation a powerful tool for economic empowerment.
Tackling Global Challenges
Perhaps even more critically, creativity and innovation are key to addressing the world’s most pressing problems, such as climate change, poverty, and famine. Through innovative thinking, we can develop sustainable technologies, create new social and economic development models, and find efficient ways to distribute resources. The challenges we face are complex and interconnected, requiring out-of-the-box thinking and novel approaches that only a strong commitment to creativity and innovation can provide.
Supporting Local Creatives
World Creativity and Innovation Day also serves as a reminder of the importance of supporting local talent. Behind every local business, whether it’s a boutique storefront or a factory in an industrial park, there’s a team of creative individuals working to invent new products, improve services, and solve problems. By choosing to shop locally, we contribute to our local economy and encourage innovators and problem-solvers who are building a better future from the ground up.
Investing in creativity and innovation is investing in the future. It’s about fostering an environment where new ideas can flourish, challenges are met with ingenious solutions, and economic growth is driven by forward thinking. As we celebrate World Creativity and Innovation Day, let’s commit to supporting the thinkers, creators, and innovators in our communities and beyond. Their vision and hard work enhance our daily lives and pave the way for a more sustainable, equitable, and prosperous world for all.
Interesting Things to Know
Revving Up: Exploring the World of Motorsports
For those with a need for speed and a love for the roar of an engine, the world of motorsports offers an adrenaline-pumping escape from the everyday. Whether it’s the gritty thrill of off-road ATVing, the high-flying jumps of motocross, or the lightning-fast sprints of drag racing, there’s motorsport out there to get your heart racing and your hands gripping the wheel (or handlebars) with excitement. Here’s a glimpse into motorsports that promise to deliver excitement, challenge, and the sheer joy of high speeds.
ATVing: Imagine powering through rugged landscapes, conquering steep hills, splashing through mud, and navigating tight trails. ATVing brings you closer to nature while offering the thrill of navigating challenging terrains. Opt for a solo adventure on a four-wheeler or share the excitement in a two-seater side-by-side quad. Many outfitters offer rentals and guided tours, making it easy for adventurers of all levels to jump in and enjoy the ride.
Motocross: For those who prefer two wheels to four, motocross offers a dirt-filled, high-octane experience that’s hard to beat. With courses filled with jumps, bumps, and tight turns, motocross riders experience the thrill of flying on land. Whether you’re an experienced rider looking to hone your skills or a newbie eager to learn the ropes, introductory courses led by professionals can offer a safe and exhilarating entry into the world of motocross.
Closed-Circuit Drag Racing: If the straight-line speed gets your pulse racing, closed-circuit drag racing could be your adrenaline fix. This sport allows drivers to unleash the full power of high-performance vehicles in a controlled environment. With options to race your own car or a rental, it’s a unique opportunity to experience the thrill of pushing the limits of speed without the worry of oncoming traffic.
Beyond these thrilling options, the motorsports world is vast and varied, with something for every taste and level of experience. From the strategic overtaking maneuvers of go-karting to the snow-covered adventures of snowmobiling and even the splashy fun of power boating, motor sports offer a dynamic range of experiences for thrill-seekers.
So, if the mundane commute has left you yearning for more excitement behind the wheel, consider stepping off the beaten track and into motorsports. It’s an opportunity to experience the thrill of the race, the joy of mastery, and the unparalleled excitement of speed. Fasten your helmet, rev your engines, and get ready to explore the exhilarating world of motorsports!
Interesting Things to Know
Choosing Between Day Camps and Sleepaway Camps: A Guide for Parents
Summer is a fantastic time for children to explore, learn new skills, and make lifelong friends. For many parents, choosing between day camps and sleepaway camps can be challenging. Both options offer unique benefits and opportunities for growth. To help make your decision easier, here’s a closer look at the advantages of each.
Day Camps: Convenience and Comfort
Day camps are popular for parents who prefer their children to be home in the evenings. Here are some benefits to consider:
- Routine Stability: Day camps allow families to maintain their regular daily routines, including meal times, evening activities, and bedtime rituals.
- Proximity to Home: Being close to home means parents can quickly respond if their child needs them, offering peace of mind.
- Cost-Effective: Generally, day camps are less expensive than sleepaway camps, making them a more budget-friendly option for many families.
- Gradual Independence: Day camps provide a gentle introduction to independence, allowing children to experience time away from home in a structured and safe environment.
Sleepaway Camps: Adventure and Independence
Sleepaway camps offer an immersive experience, with children spending several days to weeks away from home. Here are some reasons to consider a sleepaway camp:
- Scenic Locations: Many sleepaway camps are located in beautiful natural settings, offering children unique outdoor experiences and adventures.
- Enhanced Independence: Staying away from home helps children develop self-reliance, adaptability, and social skills in a supportive setting.
- Deepened Friendships: The continuous shared experiences at sleepaway camps can lead to stronger, lasting friendships.
- Personal Growth: The immersive environment encourages children to try new activities, overcome challenges, and discover new interests.
Making the Right Choice
The decision between day camps and sleepaway camps depends on several factors, including your child’s age, maturity level, and readiness for independence. It’s also important to consider your family’s schedule, budget, and preferences. Here are a few tips to guide your decision:
- Talk with Your Child: Include your child in the decision-making process. Discuss their interests and any concerns they might have about attending camp.
- Research Together: Look into different camps together, comparing programs, activities, and the camp’s philosophy to find the best fit.
- Consider a Trial: If your child is new to sleepaway camps but interested in trying one, consider starting with a shorter session to ease the transition.
Whether you choose a day camp or a sleepaway camp, the experience can provide your child with unforgettable memories, new skills, and increased confidence. The key is to select a camp that aligns with your child’s interests and your family’s needs, ensuring a summer filled with fun, learning, and growth.
Interesting Things to Know
Earth Day Focus: The Ubiquitous Threat of Microplastics
As we approach Earth Day on April 22, it’s a poignant time to reflect on an invisible yet pervasive threat to our environment and health: microplastics. These tiny plastic particles, less than five millimeters, have infiltrated every corner of the globe—from the food we eat and the soil that nurtures our crops to the water we drink.
A startling revelation from a study by the University of Newcastle in Australia highlights the scale of our daily intake, estimating that the average person consumes about five grams of plastic every week, the equivalent of eating a credit card. The sources of microplastics are as varied as their impact is widespread. They emerge from the breakdown of larger plastic items and everyday products we might not suspect. Synthetic clothing releases plastic fibers every time they’re washed. Car tires and paint contribute to the problem as they wear down, and certain cosmetics and sunscreens contain microplastics intentionally added during manufacturing.
Our food supply is not spared. Microplastics have been detected in fruits and vegetables, likely absorbed through water by plant roots. They’ve also been found in products like beer, rice, honey, tea, and salt. The ubiquity of microplastics means complete avoidance is impossible—they’ve been discovered in remote locations such as the Arctic snow and desert sands, as well as in the apples hanging from trees.
Despite this dire situation, there are steps individuals can take to mitigate their contribution to the problem. All actionable measures are Reducing plastic container use, opting out of single-use plastic bags, and avoiding plastic packaging materials. Additionally, seeking alternatives to plastic in everyday items like water bottles and shampoo containers can help reduce personal plastic consumption.
The full impact of microplastics on human health remains a subject of ongoing research and speculation within the scientific community. Experts from Rutgers University caution that while definitive conclusions are yet to be drawn, there’s potential for microplastics to interfere with hormones and reproduction. Moreover, these particles may absorb harmful chemicals and toxins, which humans could then ingest.
As Earth Day reminds us of our collective responsibility to protect our planet, the issue of microplastics serves as a call to action. By making informed choices about our use of plastic and supporting efforts to reduce plastic pollution, we can contribute to a healthier planet and safeguard our own well-being. Let this Earth Day be a turning point in our relationship with plastic, inspiring us to seek solutions that preserve the environment for future generations.
Interesting Things to Know
Embracing Sustainability: Swapping Out the Unrecyclable
As Earth Day approaches, it’s a timely reminder to reflect on our daily choices and their impact on the planet. Despite our best recycling efforts, some commonly used items unfortunately end up in landfills due to their unrecyclable nature. But don’t worry—there are sustainable alternatives that can help reduce our environmental footprint. Let’s explore five everyday items that are challenging to recycle and the eco-friendly swaps that can make a difference.
1. Swap Disposable Coffee Cups for Reusable Ones
The convenience of disposable coffee cups comes at an environmental cost, primarily due to their plastic linings. A simple and effective swap is to use a reusable coffee cup. Materials like stainless steel or bamboo not only keep your drink warm but also contribute to waste reduction. Plus, many cafes reward this green choice with discounts.
2. Choose Toothpaste Tablets Over Traditional Tubes
Toothpaste tubes, with their mix of materials, pose a recycling challenge. An innovative solution is toothpaste tablets, which come in minimal, often recyclable or compostable packaging. Those who prefer the traditional form should seek out brands that use recyclable materials like aluminum tubes.
3. Opt for Compostable Pizza Boxes or Bake at Home
The delightful experience of eating pizza can be dampened by the unrecyclable grease-stained box it comes in. You might consider using a pizza stone to bake delicious pizzas at home to circumvent this. Alternatively, support pizza outlets that use compostable or biodegradable packaging, thus enjoying your meal guilt-free.
4. Replace Paper Straws with Reusable Options
While paper straws represent a step forward from plastic, they’re not a perfect solution due to recycling challenges. Reusable straws made of stainless steel or bamboo are a more sustainable choice, offering durability and repeated use without waste.
5. Invest in Long-lasting Glassware
Common glassware, like drinking and wine glasses, often can’t be recycled with regular glass due to their composition. The key here is to invest in high-quality, durable glassware that won’t need frequent replacing, reducing waste and the demand for new materials.
This Earth Day, let’s commit to these sustainable swaps to honor our planet and lead by example in our communities. Small changes in our daily habits can collectively lead to significant environmental benefits. Let’s make every day Earth Day by choosing alternatives that support a more sustainable and waste-free world.
Interesting Things to Know
The Founding of the Red Cross: From Battlefield Horrors to Global Humanitarian Aid
The Red Cross, a beacon of hope and relief in times of crisis, owes its origins to individuals moved by the atrocities of war to create a better, more compassionate world. Clara Barton, dubbed the “Angel of the Battlefield” for her heroic efforts during the Civil War, played a pivotal role in establishing the American Red Cross. However, Swiss businessman Henry Dunant sparked the initial vision for what would become the International Red Cross after witnessing the harrowing aftermath of a battle in 1859.
The battle, fought between the French and Austrian armies near Solferino, Italy, left nearly 40,000 men dead or wounded, abandoned on the battlefield. Appalled by the sight and lack of care for the wounded, Dunant mobilized the local community to assist. This experience deeply affected him, and upon his return to Switzerland, he spearheaded the formation of a national relief society to aid those injured in wartime. This effort culminated in the creation of the International Red Cross in Geneva in October 1863.
Inspired by the International Red Cross during her travels in Europe, Clara Barton established the American counterpart. On May 21, 1881, she organized the American Association of the Red Cross in Washington, D.C. Under her leadership, the American Red Cross not only assisted in wartime but also extended its services to aid victims of natural disasters.
Since its inception, the American Red Cross has been a fixture in military conflicts, including the Spanish-American War, World Wars, the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Gulf War. Red Cross workers were among those who crossed the English Channel on D-Day to support the U.S. Armed Forces, demonstrating the organization’s commitment to aiding those in need, regardless of the circumstances. The American Red Cross has also played a significant role in disaster relief efforts, notably during Hurricanes Katrina and Rita.
Over the years, the International Red Cross has evolved beyond its initial focus on wartime aid to embrace anti-war efforts and political advocacy for peace. Its mission to alleviate human suffering in war and peace has made it a respected and vital international organization.
To find more information or to locate a Red Cross office near you, visit redcross.org and enter your ZIP code. This is a straightforward way to get involved or seek assistance. The Red Cross’s journey from its harrowing beginnings on the battlefield to its current status as a global humanitarian organization is a testament to the enduring power of compassion and collective action.
