The chemistry of love

Falling in love may seem like a mystery of the heart, but in fact, an array of chemicals and hormones are at play. According to scientists, there are three categories of romantic love: lust, attraction and attachment. Each of these categories is governed by its own cocktail of hormones and chemicals.

Lust
Testosterone and estrogen fuel lust, or the desire for sexual gratification. While it’s typically considered a male hormone, testosterone increases libido for just about everyone. This effect is less prominent with estrogen, but many women report being more aroused around the time they ovulate, when the hormone’s levels are highest.

Attraction
High levels of dopamine and norepinephrine are at play in the initial stages of a romantic relationship. Dopamine is released when we do something that makes us feel good, in this case, spending time with someone. Norepinephrine, which also plays a part in the fight or flight response, makes us feel more alert and nervous.

Together, these chemicals make people feel giddy, euphoric and energetic. They may also cause a decrease in appetite or the inability to sleep.

Attachment
Oxytocin and vasopressin are the hormones that make us feel connected and attached to another person. Together, they help people bond to one another and induce a desire to create a long-term, monogamous relationship.

The chemistry of love is complex and fascinating. Thankfully, understanding the forces at play makes it no less meaningful.